公共外語(yǔ)是黑龍江專(zhuān)升本考生必考科目,大學(xué)英語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)除了每日背單詞外還要掌握英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí),才能保證順利做題,接下來(lái)好學(xué)校小編要給大家分享的是2023黑龍江專(zhuān)升本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法易錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn)(1),請(qǐng)考生抽時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)和掌握。
1:動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)
英語(yǔ)中有 16 種時(shí)態(tài),但較常用的有十種:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),一般過(guò)去時(shí),一般將來(lái)時(shí),現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí),過(guò)去完成時(shí),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
主動(dòng)形式
狀態(tài) 時(shí)間 |
現(xiàn)在 |
過(guò)去 |
將來(lái) |
過(guò)去將來(lái) |
一般 |
do |
did |
will/shall do |
should/would do |
進(jìn)行 |
am/is/are doing |
was/were doing |
will/shall be doing |
/ |
完成 |
have/has done |
had done |
will/shall have done |
should/would have done |
完成進(jìn)行時(shí) |
have/has been doing |
had been doing |
/ |
/ |
被動(dòng)形式(以give為例)
狀態(tài) 時(shí)間 |
現(xiàn)在 |
過(guò)去 |
將來(lái) |
過(guò)去將來(lái) |
一般 |
am/is/are given |
was/were given |
will/shall be given |
should/would be given |
進(jìn)行 |
am/is/are being given |
was/were being given |
/ |
/ |
完成 |
have/has been given |
had been given |
will/shall have been given |
should/would have been given |
完成進(jìn)行時(shí) |
/ |
/ |
/ |
/ |
2:非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 |
語(yǔ)態(tài) |
一般式 |
完成式 |
不定式 |
主動(dòng) |
to do |
to have done |
被動(dòng) |
to be done |
to have been done |
|
動(dòng)詞-ing 形式 (動(dòng)名詞&現(xiàn)在分詞) |
主動(dòng) |
doing |
having done |
被動(dòng) |
being done |
having been done |
|
動(dòng)詞-ed 形式(過(guò)去分詞) |
? |
done |
? |
3:虛擬語(yǔ)氣
if 引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句
時(shí)間 |
if 條件從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 |
主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 ? |
與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 |
動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式(be 用 were 表示) |
should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形 |
與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 |
had done |
should/would/could/might+have done ? |
與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反 |
動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式(be 用 were 表示) 或 should do 或 were to+do ? |
should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形 |
4:主謂一致
(1):就近原則
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定于最靠近它的詞語(yǔ)(主要指名詞)的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。主要包括:there be 句型,還有連詞 or, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…, not…but…等連接的并列成分。
(2):就遠(yuǎn)原則
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于離它較遠(yuǎn)的詞語(yǔ)的情況。主要是指主語(yǔ)后面有 with, together with, as well as, no less than, along with, like, rather than, but, except, including, in addition to 等短語(yǔ)+名詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不受這些短語(yǔ)的影響,仍然與主語(yǔ)保持一致。
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